Training Planning and Working Memory in Third Graders     

Andrea Paula Goldin  María Soledad Segretin  María Julia Hermida  Luciano Paz  Sebastián Javier Lipina  Mariano Sigman 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2013,7(2):136-146

Working memory and planning are fundamental cognitive skills supporting fluid reasoning. We show that 2 games that train working memory and planning skills in school‐aged children promote transfer to 2 different tasks: an attentional test and a fluid reasoning test. We also show long‐term improvement of planning and memory capacities in 8‐year‐old children after playing adaptive computer games specifically tailored to entrain these cognitive functions. Working memory capacity expanded from 5 to 7 items by using our games. Furthermore, steady progression in the task indicates that this capacity can be trained rapidly. Planning abilities persisted in a nonmarkovian form of play, where a move is highly influenced by previous moves, avoiding back‐ups. Here, we introduce a public and growing platform ( http://www.matemarote.com.ar/ ) developed for this research which has the potential for wide use in educational research.  相似文献   

Turkish Prospective Chemistry Teachers’ Beliefs about Chemistry Teaching     

F. Javier Perales‐Palacios  José M. Vílchez‐González 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(14):1647-1670

Given the progressive loss of influence for the school relative to television in youngsters’ everyday lives, this article describes the procedure and the results of including cartoons in the physics curriculum in secondary education. Work was carried out intensively with a small group of pupils and sporadically with a larger group. In the first case, cartoons were used for identifying and discussing fictitious phenomena, problem‐solving, and assessment of the learning. In the second case, for identifying and discussing fictitious phenomena, a quasi‐experimental research design was followed. The results back the use of this didactic tool as an element for motivating and invigorating the classroom, for identifying the pupils’ alternative ideas and the assessment of their learning, as well as for a more critical way of watching television.  相似文献   

Analysis of a Quasi-Experimental Design Based on Environmental Problem Solving for the Initial Training of Future Teachers of Environmental Education     

Emilia I. De La Fuente  F. Javier Perales  Juan García 《The Journal of environmental education》2013,44(2):19-21

Abstract

Many parameters may be used to measure the deterioration of water quality. One very important parameter is total dissolved solids (TDS). An increase in TDS beyond acceptable levels can have a significant impact on municipal, industrial, and agricultural use of water. In this review an overview of the problem of high TDS levels is given. Factors related to TDS which are considered include: (a) laboratory determination, (b) natural and man-influenced sources, (c) adverse effects, and (d) treatment process removal techniques. A brief summary of the TDS problem associated with the Colorado River is also considered.  相似文献   

Lifelong learning in public libraries in 12 European Union countries: issues in monitoring and evaluation     

Javier Stanziola 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2013,32(5):631-649

Public libraries in Europe have supported lifelong learning for the past 500 years. Since the Lisbon Strategy emphasized the role of lifelong learning in economic policy, public libraries have been repositioning their services to respond to this new context. In some cases, these roles are undertaken with limited legislative or strategic changes and stagnant levels of funding. As a result, the sector receives little recognition of its role in lifelong learning amongst policy-makers. A consortium representing 12 EU countries, ENTITLE, was formed to increase awareness of the role public libraries play in this area. It undertook a survey amongst its members to scope relevant policies, strategies and evaluation efforts. This paper presents an analysis of this survey. It shifts the focus away from debates about the instrumental value of libraries. Instead, it explores the role that evaluation plays in policy implementation. It argues that participatory evaluation can help reduce conflict and ambiguity amongst the stakeholders involved in delivering symbolic implementation of policies. So far, however, current evaluation efforts in most ENTITLE countries have played a limited role in supporting coordination and, for some countries, may in fact remove resources away from more effective development efforts, including pedagogical training.  相似文献   

Andalusian teacher centres: in the political crossfire     

Juan Fernández-Sierra  Javier Barquín-Ruiz 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(3):337-352

This article analyses the background of teacher centres (CEPs) in Spain and presents the synthesis of conclusions drawn from the evaluation of such centres and continuous education in Andalusia (Spain), carried out according to the model of democratic evaluation defended by Barry McDonald. Three issues are dealt with: (a) the change of government policies concerning the running of teacher centres, from autonomy to control; (b) the changes in the way teachers' continuous education and advice strategies are understood; and (c) how teacher commitment to innovation and education reform evolved with time. All this takes place within the framework of political confrontations between the two main parties in Spain: the Socialists (PSOE) - who institutionalized the CEPs and created education reform, and who continue to govern in Andalusia - and the Conservatives (PP) - who are currently in power in central government and who neither supported educational reform nor the teacher centres. In this context, the analysis of the use of the CEPs as a political weapon in their confrontation is one of the main objectives of the evaluation.  相似文献   

Training Alone Is Not Enough     

Lauren Crigler  Alfredo L. Fort  Orla de Diez  Susan Gearon  Hayk Gyuzalyan 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》2006,19(1):99-116

Improving healthcare services in the developing world remains a major goal for many organizations and despite enormous training and program investments from international organizations, service improvements have been modest. This study looks at how to improve results by examining the relationship between the conditions in a healthcare providers' work environment and his or her performance. Drawing upon a human performance model that assumes that performance expectations, timely feedback, adequate environment, incentives, and skills and knowledge are required for a worker to perform well, this study explores how these conditions might affect healthcare provider performance in four countries. The study successfully shows that although multiple conditions were deficient or missing in every country, significant association is found between the performance of workers and conditions in the workers environment. Further, when viewed across all countries, non‐monetary incentives is the most powerful “predictor‘ of performance when compared with other factors. Of particular interest to Performance Improvement practitioners, knowledge and skills surfaced as important in only three of eight possible cases (with multiple cases in each country)—the least influential factor overall.  相似文献   

Schooling and Learning in U.S.-Mexican Families: A Case Study of Households     

Tapia  Javier 《The Urban Review》2000,32(1):25-44

Recent research indicates that learning and the academic performance of Mexican-American students are influenced by the interplay of economic, cultural, linguistic, and educational factors. In this work, a household analysis is used to illustrate how students' schooling and academic achievement are influenced by household members' activities at home, in the community, and in the schools. The study reports that a household analysis help us understand the relative weight of these factors in shaping students' school performance, and that it also accounts for differential academic achievement in any Mexican-American community. This household analysis indicates that level of family stability and the social and economic conditions of poor communities are the strongest factors affecting students' learning and academic achievement.  相似文献   

Effects of plyometric jump training in female soccer player’s vertical jump height: A systematic review with meta-analysis     

Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo  Javier Sanchez-Sanchez  Blanca Romero-Moraleda  Javier Yanci  Antonio García-Hermoso  Filipe Manuel Clemente 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(13):1475-1487

ABSTRACT

To assess the effects of plyometric jump training (PJT) in female soccer player’s vertical jump height, a review was conducted using the data sources PubMed, MEDLINE, Web Of Science and SCOPUS. Only peer-review articles were included. To qualify for inclusion in the meta-analysis, studies must have included (i) a PJT programme of at least 2 weeks, (ii) cohorts of healthy female soccer players with no restriction for age, (iii) a control group, (iv) a measure of countermovement jump (CMJ). The inverse variance random-effects model for meta-analyses was used. From 7,136 records initially identified through database searching, 8 were eligible for meta-analysis, comprising 9 training groups (n = 99) and 9 control groups (n = 94). The magnitude of the main effect was moderate (ES = 1.01 [95%CI = 0.36–1.66], Z = 3.04, p = 0.002). Sub-group analyses were performed (i.e., PJT frequency, duration and total number of sessions), revealing no significant subgroup differences (p = 0.34–0.96). Among the studies included in this review, none reported injury or other adverse effects. In conclusion, PJT is effective in female soccer players for the improvement of vertical jump height. In future, research must identify specific dose–response relationships following PJT, particularly in the long term.  相似文献   

Efficient query-by-example spoken document retrieval combining phone multigram representation and dynamic time warping     

Paula Lopez-Otero  Javier Parapar  Alvaro Barreiro 《Information processing & management》2019,56(1):43-60

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Individual and field citation distributions in 29 broad scientific fields     

Javier Ruiz-Castillo  Rodrigo Costas 《Journal of Informetrics》2018,12(3):868-892

Using an initial dataset consisting of 18.5 million distinct authors and 15 million distinct articles published in the period 2000–2016, which are classified into 29 broad scientific fields, we search for regularities at the individual level for very productive authors with citation distributions of a certain size, and for the existence of a macro-micro relationship between the skewness of a scientific field citation distribution and the characteristics of the individual citation distributions of the authors belonging to the field. Our main results are the following three. Firstly, although the skewness of individual citation distributions varies greatly within each field, their average skewness is of a similar order of magnitude in all fields. Secondly, as in the previous literature, field citation distributions are highly skewed and the degree of skewness is very similar across fields. Thirdly, the skewness of field citation distributions is essentially explained in terms of the average skewness of individual authors, as well as individuals’ differences in mean citation rates and the number of publications per author. These results have important conceptual and practical consequences: to understand the skewness of field citation distributions at any aggregate level we must simply explain the skewness of the individual citation distributions of their very productive authors.  相似文献